Cuba: Hurricane Raphael

On the evening of Wednesday, November 6, 2024, Hurricane Rafael (Category III on the Saffir-Simpson scale) struck the western part of Cuba, passing through the provinces of Mayabeque and Artemisa and causing significant damage to urban infrastructure and agriculture. The hurricane also caused collateral damage in Havana Province. Sustained winds exceeding 185 km/h and torrential rain battered these areas, including the cities of Artemisa and Bauta. This disaster occurred amid an unprecedented national energy crisis, characterized by repeated disconnections of the national electrical system, which left the entire country without power for several days. As of November 8, 2024, the situation is still not fully resolved, and parts of the country, especially in the western provinces, remain partially or entirely without electricity.

The hurricane’s impact came at a time when Cuba was already facing an unprecedented economic and humanitarian crisis, marked by food and resource shortages, continuous daily blackouts, and limited access to medical supplies. Since December 2022, reports indicate an exacerbation of staple food shortages. Approximately 80% of the basic food basket for the Cuban population relies on imports, costing over $2 billion USD. The main imports—wheat, rice, beans, corn, soybeans, chicken, and oil—could potentially be produced domestically if sufficient funding and a coherent production strategy were available at the local and territorial levels. As of Sunday afternoon, approximately 200,000 people in Artemisa and Bauta remain without power and water as emergency crews continue repairs. Electricity and phone services were also destroyed. There are no fatalities reported. Hurricane Rafael is the strongest storm to strike this part of Cuba in nearly 80 years.

Hurricane Rafael’s slow movement for 12 hours brought heavy rainfall and strong winds that caused flooding, severe infrastructure damage, and road blockages affected 11 municipalities in Artemisa. The preliminary data records damages, including total or partial collapses, in more than 5,500 homes, including 4,933 in Artemisa and 660 in Mayabeque. In Havana, 461 collapses are reported, both total and partial, of which 99 were in the housing sector. As of November 8, an estimated 83% of Havana’s residents remain without power. In the city of over two million people, only about 100,000 have access to water by gravity, while the rest rely on pumping stations that require electricity. Severe impacts on the agricultural sector of Artemisa and Mayabeque, the main food producers in Havana. Preliminary reports suggest significant damage to banana, cassava, rice, bean, vegetable, corn, and soybean crops, as well as to poultry and pig farms. The lack of power has hampered local information dissemination and preparedness efforts, further complicating response activities.

The CCRD-Cuba, in coordination with implementing partners will be providing emergency response in WASH, PSS, NFI, Food/Nutrition and Shelter to affected population in Aretemisa and Bauta. It has been foreseen that this response would last 6 months.

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