On 27th of December 2017, the region of Paoua in the Central African Republic (CAR) was affected by fighting between armed groups, which signaled the start of a prolonged slow-onset crisis in this particular region. At least 78,000 people from the villages of Bah-Bessar, Mia-Pendé, Nana-Barya and Banhin Ouham Pende were forced to flee their homes in search of refuge and protection mostly fleeing to the city of Paoua. Due to hosting IDPs over an extended period, the residents of Paoua city (the host population of around 40,000 people) have increasingly exhausted their family resources and are now also in need of support. On June 2018, as the fighting started to decrease, IDPs from the city of Paoua (68,670), started returning to their villages only to find that as a result of conflict, several houses were burnt down, schools and livelihoods were destroyed. Because of this desperation, many preferred to return to the city of Paoua to seek humanitarian assistance or other means of support and continue to live as IDPs in the city of Paoua. There is a necessity to save lives and alleviate the suffering of people including children and women affected by the conflict in Paoua city and the villages in Ouham Pendé prefecture. The ACT CAR Forum, which was officially established in 2018, is issuing this Concept Note to raise support and respond to the plight of IDPs, returnees and host communities in Ouham Pende; more specifically IDPs in Paoua city who would wish to resettle back to their villages. This initiative by the CAR Forum is seen as a crucial initial undertaking to strengthen how ACT Forum members collaborate in responding to what has become a complex emergency. ACT Alliance CAR Forum members LWF-WS, FCA and DCA are monitoring the situation and emergency teams are ready/preparing to respond while working closely with community/church structures and leaders to ensure their effective participation in all the implementation processes.   CAR_Response to IDPs in Paoua City (Concept Note).

An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4 with the shallow epicentre (10 km) located at 27 km northeast of Donggala occurred at 17:02 WIB (Indonesian Western Time) on 28 September 2018 followed by a tsunami warning by BMKG (Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency). This earthquake triggered a tsunami that occurred around 17:22 WIB, and BMKG revoked the tsunami warning at 17:38 WIB. There are 2 provinces were directly affected by the earthquake and tsunami: 1. Central Sulawesi Province, there are 4 districts / city; Donggala District, Palu City, Sigi District and Parigi Moutong District; 2. West Sulawesi Province, there is 1 district; North Mamuju District. Data obtained as of 8 October 2018, at 20:00 WIB, was as follows; 1.948 dead casualties. As many as 74,444 displaced persons are sheltered in 147 evacuation site. The death toll was caused by the rubble of the collapsed building due to the earthquake and there was also a tsunami damaging the coastal areas. In addition, there was also liquefaction phenomenon that submerged houses and buildings in Petobo Village, in Jl. Dewi Sartika - South Palu, in Biromaru village - Sigi, and in Sidera village - Sigi. The Governor of Central Sulawesi, Longki Djanggola, declared the state of emergency of response period for the next 14 days, valid from 28 September 2018 to 11 October 2018. The Governor appointed Commander of Korem (Resort Military Command) of 132 / Tadulako as commander of emergency response to earthquake and tsunami in Central Sulawesi. So the main command post on the ground is directed to Korem 132 / Tadulako. Concept Note- Emergency Assistance in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia – IDN182 - approved final

Typhoon Mangkhut (locally named "Ompong") entered the Philippines Area on September 12 at 3:00 in the afternoon, packing 205-kph winds and gusts of up to 255 kph. The 900 km-wide Typhoon Mangkhut made its landfall in Baggao, Cagayan on September 15 at 1:40 AM, carrying winds of up to 200 km per hour and heavy rainfall, causing power outages in some areas. Six provinces were placed under Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal (TWCS) #4 and ten provinces were placed under TCWS #3 in regions I, II and CAR. As of September 18, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) reported a total of 510,151 families or 2,148,059 persons affected by Typhoon Mangkhut from 4,836 barangays in regions I, II, III, CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, NCR, and CAR. The typhoon left 402 areas flooded of which, only 190 have subsided. It also triggered 20 reported landslide incidents in CAR alone, which caused road closures, shelter damage, damage to livelihood, and loss of human lives. A total of 121,715 houses were reported damaged. While the death toll confirmed by the NDRRMC remains at 23, the number of confirmed injured has risen to 134. Meanwhile, recent media reports, citing regional officials, place the death toll at about 100 people, mostly in CAR due to landslides. Appeals Response to the super typhoon Mangkut

On the morning of Tuesday 4th September 2018, the high density suburbs of Harare in Zimbabwe, were hit by a cholera outbreak. The Government of Zimbabwe has since declared the epidemic a state of emergency after cholera and typhoid spread fast killing 28 people in 2 weeks and infecting over 7,000. Harare high-density suburbs have poor water access, poorly maintained drains and lack a proper sewage disposal. The situation is compounded by the fact that there is uncollected garbage and unsafe hygiene practices which continue to spread the disease. Zimbabwe's Cholera epidemic has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality as its central and local government are short of funds to procure medication. World Health Organization has also reported that the strain has proven to be resistant to the first line of antibiotics, further compounding the problem. As a measure to access clean water, residents have dug shallow water wells and boreholes that unfortunately seem to also contain cholera. As a result of the epidemic, there has been migration of people to the province of Manicaland and Masvingo where cholera cases are now being reported. To curb the spread, Zimbabwe government has set aside treatment centres as they seek to quarantine infected persons. In 2008, Cholera occurred in Zimbabwe killing more than 4,000 people as reaction to curb the epidemic was slow. The most urgent humanitarian needs are access to safe water, basic health services and properly maintained drains and sewage disposal. The World Health Organisation, UNICEF and Oxfam are responding by providing basic health services and medication. In collaboration with relevant stakeholders, Zimbabwe ACT forum has identified access to safe water as a gap. In addition, they intend to provide hand sanitisers, conduct water purification, plan to mobilize affected  communities to clear garbage while providing information on preventing and managing cholera. The Methodist Development and Relief Agency (MEDRA) have submitted a Rapid Respond Fund (RRF) proposal. MEDRA will lead the response with support from Zimbabwe Council of Churches (ZCC) and Lutheran Development Service (LDS) who will assist in mobilizing communities and distribute education materials and non-food items. The two organizations (ZCC & LDS) will use their local community structures to reach intended beneficiaries. The requesting member, MeDRA has been involved in health and hygiene intervention for more than 8 years. It works with more than 24 community health clubs in 2 districts on personal and environmental hygiene and water/food handling. During the epidemic in 2008, MeDRA partnered with the local city council and responded by distributing non-food items and conducting clean up campaigns. MeDRA will be supported to identify the most affected by Zimbabwe ACT members present in affected communities. ACT Zimbabwe Forum will be kept informed of the project  during Forum meetings by Zimbabwe ACT Forum Coordinator. The project will run for 3 months (September-December 2018) in the sectors of education, WASH and Protection/Psycho social support. At least 70,000 beneficiaries will be targeted including school children (from 30 schools) and affected households (350) located within affected suburbs in Harare including Glen View, Budiriro, Mufakose, Gweru (Mkoba) and Masvingo (Mucheke). Zimbabwe_Cholera emergency

The human rights situation in Nicaragua has deteriorated as observed by the Inter American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) in relation to the violent events that have been taking place since the State repressed the protests on April 18, 2018, and subsequent events over the following weeks. According to figures gathered by the IACHR, the State’s repressive action has led to at least 295 deaths, 1,337 persons wounded as of June 19, and 507 persons deprived of liberty as of June 6, and hundreds of persons at risk of becoming victims of attacks, harassment, threats and other forms of intimidation.  The Nicaraguan Association for Human Rights (ANPDH)) in its report as of July 26 indicates that there are 448 deaths (383 were civilians, 40 paramilitaries, 24 polices and a soldier) 2,720 injured and 718 kidnapped. Police and paramilitary forces continue their raids in a house-to-house search, arresting people who participated in the protests. Based on the new antiterrorist law, many of them appear in court without any legal defense. The Permanent Commission of Human Rights (CPDH) informed to receive every day at least 20 complaints of people arrested by police or by irregular armed groups. Costa Rica has opened two shelters for people fleeing the crisis in Nicaragua and asylum seekers, with a capacity for about 2000 people, one in the north and one in the south of the country, with support from IOM and UNHCR. Authorities report between 100 to 150 Nicaraguans entering daily to Costa Rica for the first time. The Dutch cooperation announced its decision to suspend for two months any cooperation with the government of Nicaragua, due to serious human rights violations. During August 28-29, a delegation of the World Council of Churches and ACT Alliance visited Nicaragua with the intention to listen to the experiences of people in churches, civil society, the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Nicaragua, the government and with members of the ACT Alliance Nicaragua forum, to reaffirm and strengthen calls for justice and peace, and to advocate for the human rights of all people and respect for diverse ways of thinking in contemporary societies. Appeals_Nicaragua_Socio-Political Crisis_NIC181

After a good start of the 2018 rainy season in April, a reduction in the quantity and distribution of rains has been observed and is likely to impact basic grains crops in Central America´s Dry Corridor. Specific areas in Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras have reported more than 25 days without rain, yields reduction and crop losses, particularly affecting subsistence farmers.  Typically, there is little to no rainfall in August, which is called the canicula in Spanish. However, since the canicula arrived much earlier than usual this year, crops losses have been significantly higher in the affected areas due to the sustained drought conditions. El Salvador’s Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAG) confirmed that the drought has affected approximately 57,000 hectares of land, of which around 22,000 hectares of cropland has been destroyed, resulting in the loss of 2.7 million quintals of corn and USD$37 million in damages. The Salvadorian Chamber of Small and Medium Agricultural Producers (CAMPO) estimates that the corn crop losses to date are even higher at 4.1 million quintals and that they could surpass 6 million quintals if the drought continues since 2.3 million quintals are at risk. The drought has affected 77,322 agricultural households in El Salvador. The General Direction of Civil protection declared a red alert for 143 municipalities in the central and eastern parts of the country on 24 July 2018 to provide humanitarian assistance to the affected households. The ACT Alliance El Salvador forum through its local members ALFALIT and Lutheran Synod are going to provide cash transfer to 250 households.   El_Salvador_drought_No.RRF15_2018

Typhoon Mangkhut entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility and was locally named "Ompong" on September 12 at 3:00 in the afternoon, packing 205-kph winds and gusts of up to 255 kph. The 900 km-wide Typhoon Mangkhut made its landfall in Baggao, Cagayan on September 15 at 1:40 AM, carrying winds of up to 200 km per hour and heavy rainfall, causing power outages in some areas. Six provinces were placed under Tropical Cyclone Warning Signal #4 and ten provinces were placed under TCWS #3 in regions I, II and CAR.  As of September 18, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) reported a total of 218,492 families or 893,844 persons affected by Typhoon Mangkhut from 3,237 barangays in regions I, II, III, CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, NCR, and CAR. The typhoon left 266 areas flooded in the affected regions. Of which, only 35 have subsided. There were also 119 reported landslide incidents triggered by the typhoon in CAR alone, which caused road closures, shelter damage, damage to livelihood, and loss of human lives. As of writing, the Philippine National Police has reported 74 persons killed by Typhoon Mangkhut and 55 persons missing. Of which, 60 casualties and 52 missing persons were from CAR. ACT Philippines Forum is planning to assist 6,300 families or 22,617 individuals belonging to the most vulnerable groups (i.e., poor/landless farmers) in Regions 1, 2, 3, and CAR, who are among the most severely affected by Typhoon Mangkhut and have very limited capacity and financial resources to recover from the recent devastation. Particular attention will be given to persons with special needs such as: female-headed households, women and widows, children, elderly, people living with disabilities, indigenous peoples. The proposed project is also targeting isolated and underserved communities in remote areas. The response targets a total of 19 communities for DRR-CCA awareness, capacity building and technical support. Concept Notes- Response to Super Typhoon Mangkut in The Philippines

The monsoon has left the state of Kerala in turmoil. 322 deaths were reported of 28^th August 2018, with 15 people still missing. 14 districts and 776 villages have been affected namely Kannur, Kollam, Kasargode, Allapuzha, Thirssur, Kozhikode, Palakkad, Malapuram, Pathanamthitta, Ernakulam, Kottayam, Idukki, Thiruvananthapuram and Wayanad. The hilly terrains of Wayanad and Idukki also bore the brunt of landslides during unprecedented rains and flooding. In total, around 5.5 million people (55 lakhs) were affected by the floods, with 1.4 million stationed across 5,640 camps. The impact has been so high, the process of enumeration and assessments is still ongoing. Livelihood sources were heavily hit, with thousands of cattle and millions of fowl reported dead. Agricultural lands were also hit, with 56,400 hectares reported as flooded. ACT India forum developed the ACT Appeal  to respond to this disaster and ensure that the flood-affected people are able to meet the basic requirement for survival to initiate a process of recovery in the aftermath of the floods in the districts of Alapuzha, Pathanamthitta, Kottayam, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Kollam, Wayanad and Iduki District of Kerala State.   Appeals: Emergency Response to Monsoon Floods in Kerala- IND181

Exactly one week after a 6.4 earthquake struck off the northern shore of Lombok island, another 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck inland on Sunday, August 5, 2018 at 19:46 local time. Based on direct observation, damage is widespread over all of Lombok, especially in North Lombok where more than 90% of buildings were rendered uninhabitable. Aftershocks still often occur with small intensity. As of August 24, 2018, there have been 1,089 recorded aftershocks. Because of the duration and severity of the aftershocks, most people are in a state of heightened sensitivity and are experiencing some level of distress. The most recent biggest aftershock occurred on August 9, 2018 (6.2 magnitude), and August 19, 2018 (6.9 magnitude). There are 555 casualties recorded so far according to the National Disaster Management Bureau (BNPB), with 14,033 reported injuries. 431,416 people were displaced (72,582 infants, 213,724 children under five, 59,603 pregnant women, and 31,724 elderly). 67,857 houses, 184 health facilities, and 458 school units were damaged. Concept note Emergency Response to Earthquake-affected vulnerable people in North Lombok

The human rights situation in Nicaragua as observed by the Inter American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) in relation to the violent events that have been taking place since the State repressed the protests on April 18, 2018, and subsequent events over the following weeks.  According to figures gathered by the IACHR, the State’s repressive action has led to at least 295 deaths, 1,337 persons wounded as of June 19, and 507 persons deprived of liberty as of June 6, and hundreds of persons at risk of becoming victims of attacks, harassment, threats and other forms of intimidation.  According to the Nicaraguan Association for Human Rights (ANPDH)) in its report as of July 26 indicates that there are 448 deaths (383 were civilians, 40 paramilitaries, 24 polices and a soldier, 2,720 injured and 718 kidnapped. Police and paramilitary forces continue their raids in a house-to-house search, arresting people who participated in the protests. Based on the new antiterrorist law, many of them appear in court without any legal defense.  The Permanent Commission of Human Rights (CPDH) informed to receive every day at least 20 complaints of people arrested by police or by irregular armed groups. Costa Rica has opened two shelters for people fleeing the crisis in Nicaragua and asylum seekers, with a capacity for about 2000 people, one in the north and one in the south of the country, with support from IOM and UNHCR. Costa Rican Authorities report between 100 to 150 Nicaraguans entering daily to Costa Rica . The Dutch cooperation announced its decision to suspend for two months any cooperation with the government of Nicaragua, due to serious human rights violations. The National Chamber of Tourism estimates 170 million dollars in losses thus far in its sector in two months, plus 60,000 jobs lost as many facilities have closed or are open with few staff.   Concept_Note_NIC_181

South Sudan is a conflict prone country and is currently experiencing a worsening humanitarian crisis characterized by violent armed clashes and widespread insecurity that has resulted in mass displacements of civilians, killing, looting, destruction of property and gross violation of human rights. The situation is compounded by humanitarian impediments that continue to hinder humanitarian access and disrupt planned operations. The latest South Sudan IPC figures on food insecurity indicate that, in the absence of humanitarian assistance, during the lean season months of May-July 2018, an estimated 7.1 million (63% of the population) faced severe food insecurity, out of which 155,000 would be in Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5) and 2.3 million in Emergency (IPC Phase 4). If the current drivers of food insecurity persist and worsen through the end of 2018, there is a heightened risk of Famine in areas where large populations are already experiencing severe food insecurity. The persisting food insecurity situation in the country coupled by continued prevalence of conflict, violence, insecurity, climatic shocks, economic decline and sporadic displacements has created urgent multi-sectoral needs. These humanitarian needs require immediate coordinated response to bridge widening humanitarian gaps and save lives of vulnerable affected communities. South Sudan ACT Forum members namely ICCO, Norwegian Church Aid (NCA), Christian Aid (CA), Dan Church Aid (DCA), The Lutheran World Federation (LWF/WS), HEKS/EPER, Finn Church Aid (FCA), United Methodist Committee on Relief (UMCOR), Presbyterian Relief & Development Agency (PRDA) are submitting a 24 month appeal to enable them to respond to this humanitarian crisis. The appeal addresses urgent lifesaving needs and early recovery support and will target IDPs, returnees & vulnerable host communities through provision of services in the sectors of Food Security & Livelihoods, WASH, Unconditional Cash Transfer, Shelter and NFIs, Education (EiE) and Protection/Psycho-social Support. ACT forum requesting members have strong capacity building approach and accumulated experience in working with local partners, church networks, national/local government and communities in target areas, and these structures will manage the projects once this emergency response has been implemented. South Sudan_Emergency Response to Worsening Humanitarian Crisis in South Sudan_SSD 181

The Government and people of Bangladesh have displayed extraordinary generosity towards Rohingya refugees. However, the speed and scale of the refugee influx exceeds the capacity of the host country and humanitarian community stepped up its support to respond to the immense needs on the ground. Months after the influx, the refugees remain forced to rely upon humanitarian assistance for their basic needs and survival. The Joint Response Plan for the Rohingya Humanitarian Crisis (JRP), requests US$951 million to respond to the needs of 1.3 million people this year. However, funding for the JRP remains at only 16% with notable funding gaps in Food Security and Health. With the monsoon and cyclone season the needs of the Rohingya and host community have increased further, as access to food is more challenging and the congested campsites of the Rohingya are ill-equipped to handle the torrential rains and landslides. According to the requesting members (based on the JRP, ISCG Situation Reports, recent needs assessments and field information) most urgent needs are currently within the Shelter and NFI,  Food Security, Health, WASH, Protection, and Site Management sectors. However it has to be noted that this Appeal will need to be implemented and targets met with a good degree of flexibility, considering the arrangements for project approvals as part of the government’s leadership of the response. This revision also comes in light of the concerted efforts of the ACT Bangladesh Forum to strengthen the ACT response in Cox’s Bazar.  This includes a revitalised Forum coordination mechanism, a designated Appeal Lead, a full-time ACT Coordinator, and specific arrangements for internal (ACT) and external coordination. Most significantly, this Revision now has the Christian Commission for the Development of Bangladesh (CCDB) as a requesting member, and we would like to request interested donors to channel your support to CCDB through this Appeal. We also encourage contributions to be made at Appeal level, as the Forum has developed parameters for allocation in a transparent and coordinated manner, as such we are only publishing the consolidated Appeal budget. However should you need the budget details of each requesting member, these can be requested from the ACT Secretariat. Bangladesh- Emergency Assistance to the Rohingya Community in Cox's Bazar - BGD172 (Revision 1)