The impacts of the ongoing insurgency attacks by Boko Haram on both lives and properties in the North East states of Nigeria have left many in fear, displaced millions of people, while hundreds of thousands have lost their livelihoods and are facing serious starvation. Total number of food insecure people in Nigeria is 14.6 million; 7.3M of these are in Adamawa, Borno & Yobe where Christian Aid (CA) has operations - out of which 3M are in urgent need of food assistance. Over 2.5 million children are malnourished, 2.5 million internally displaced and only 30% of the total needs are currently met. The situation is escalating with the renewed government offensive against Boko Haram in the North East. This will lead to further displacements compounding an already dire humanitarian situation. ACT Alliance through Christian Aid plans to scale up efforts in the three states of Adamawa, Borno and Gombe around Livelihoods support through provision of agricultural inputs to support IDP returnees in host communities whilst still providing emergency relief in host communities in Borno where there is high need for support in food and livelihood, water, shelter and protection aiming to reach about 50,000 households. In addition, Christian Aid plans to continue food and NFI distribution using cash based programming, while providing water and other WASH facilities to communities/IDPs in need. preliminary-appeals_-11_-2016_-humanitarian-crisis-in-n-e-nigeria  

On Tuesday October 4th 2016, Hurricane Matthew, the strongest hurricane in almost a decade swept through Haiti with winds of up to 230 km/h. Hurricane Matthew made landfall near Les Anglais before continuing northwards along the Windward Passage. The slow movement of the hurricane increased the rainfall associated, with up to 600mm registered causing widespread damage, flooding, and displacement across the island.

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Now more than a year since Burundi’s current crisis began, more than 160,000 men, women and children remain in refugee camps in Tanzania and are unable to return home. The situation inside Burundi continues to worsen.  A low intensity urban conflict is spreading progressively from Bujumbura to other provinces, resulting in targeted assassinations, torture, harassments and abuses. Coupled with an economic collapse brought on by the conflict, this makes it virtually impossible for displaced Burundians to return home safely. Hundreds of refugees from Burundi are still entering in Tanzania every day while 140,448 Burundian refugees are currently living in Nyarugusu, Nduta and Mtendeli camps in Kigoma region. As many informants from UNHCR, INGOs and refugee leaders suggest, a quick solution to the current political crisis in Burundi and the short-term repatriation of refugees are unlikely. The current refugee situation is developing into a protracted crisis that will plausibly last for several years. The likely scenario of an extended presence in Tanzania is changing and increasing the needs of the refugees. Basic requirements need to be provided ensuring a comprehensive long term self-reliance strategy.  Given the likelihood that the refugee crisis is becoming protracted, this must be done in ways that also promote social cohesion among refugees and their Tanzanian neighbours, as well as recently arrived Burundians and long-staying refugees who had fled other regional conflicts. Furthermore, due to the constantly worsening situation in Burundi, a prompt life-saving response for the new arrivals needs to be included in the emergency response. appeals_11_2016_-scale-up-support-to-burundian-refugees-in-tanzania

The latest conflict in Iraq started after Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) took over Mosul, the second largest city in June 2014. ISIL chased away the religiously minorities (Christians, Yazidis, Shia Muslims, etc.) from Mosul and other various districts of Ninewa. Furthermore, ISIL expanded territorial control in early 2015 in central part of Iraq. Since mid-2015, Iraqi government with support from international community has been able to retake some cities in central part of Iraq including Fallujah of Anbar province. However, Mosul, the second largest city of Iraq is still under the control of ISIL. On the 17^th of October 2016, Iraqi forces and Kurdish Peshmerga with support from international community have started a military operation to retake the city of Mosul. The United Nations (UN) has qualified the situation in Iraq as becoming “the single most complex humanitarian operation in the world”. Currently there are 3.3 million IDPs in Iraq who are in need of some form of humanitarian support in addition to approximately 225,000 Syrian refugees.  Also, to further exacerbate the dire situation, it is estimated that there will be additional up to 1.5 million people displaced by the military action in Mosul to retake from ISIS control. As part of the revision process of the ACT Alliances Humanitarian Response Mechanism, the ACT Secretariat is piloting new tools with selected Forums to identify how to improve the overall mechanism.  In the near future, the “Preliminary Appeal” will be replaced by the “Concept Note”, a shorter more concise document which summarizes the proposed ACT response and emphasizes collaboration amongst the ACT members.  The Iraq Forum has graciously accepted to pilot the draft version of the Concept Note so that we can draw lessons learned from its utilization and modify the template and process related to it accordingly. conceptnotes_11_2016_support-to-idps-and-hosts-in-iraq_irq161

Heavy rainfall caused poorly maintained flood gates and water drainage systems to malfunction. This resulted in the flooding of populated areas in Upper Egypt. Impoverished areas with poor infrastructure have been affected the most. Around 5,650 people have been negatively affected. There has been loss of homes, infrastructure, medical care, and material goods. The heavy rains that flooded Egypt’s Red Sea and Suhag governorates cut power supplies and disrupted road traffic on routes linking to cities in Upper Egypt. Schools have been closed in the area. Affected people have lost very basic living essentials and sustained damages to their homes. With winter and the cold season approaching, people have as well lost their personal belongings such as clothing, furniture, kitchen supplies, and bedding. These needs are essential as they begin to rebuild their lives and move into the winter season. Despite the governmental aid, there are still many families who are without electricity, housing, and basic living essentials, appropriate medication, and health equipment are needed for the hospital. rrf_08_2016_-flooding-in-upper-egypt

On October 17, a tropical cyclone with international name "Haima" (local name "Lawin") entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) as a typhoon with maximum sustained winds of 175 kph with gusts of up to 215 kph.  Typhoon Haima generated moderate to heavy rains within a 600 km diameter from its center.  By 1:00 PM on the 19th of October, typhoon Haima intensified into a super typhoon with maximum sustained wind of up to 225 kph with gusts of up to 315 kph. Haima reached land by 11:00 PM on that same day.  Super typhoon Haima crossed over the provinces of Cagayan and Apayao before leaving the PAR at 10:00 PM on the 20th of October. As of October 24, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) reported a total of 33,183 households (158,863 persons) that are still displaced. The same report indicated a total of 8 casualties and 1 injured as result of the typhoon.  Super typhoon Haima left 65 barangays flooded with up to 3 feet of water level. 33 road sections and bridges in Regions I, II, III and CAR were reported impassable due to flooding and landslides one week after the typhoon.  Power lines are down in the most remote communities and electricity is only expected to be restored in two months.  The disaster agency also reported that super typhoon Haima caused more than 2.5 billion Philippines pesos (PHP) worth of damages (PHP 1.58B in infrastructure and PHP 0.94B in agriculture). As part of the revision process of the ACT Alliances Humanitarian Response Mechanism, the ACT Secretariat is piloting new tools with selected Forums to identify how to improve the overall mechanism.  In the near future, the “Preliminary Appeal” will be replaced by the “Concept Note”, a shorter more concise document which summarizes the proposed ACT response and emphasizes collaboration amongst the ACT members.  The Philippines Forum has graciously accepted to pilot the draft version of the Concept Note so that we can draw lessons learned from its utilization and modify the template and process related to it accordingly.   conceptnotes_11_2016_typhoon-in-philippines_-phl161

The powerful Hurricane Matthew, category 4 (in the Saffir-Simpson Scale), hit Dominican Republic on October 4^th, leaving 4 people dead, 22,745 evacuated and more than 2,398 houses damaged. The heavy rains caused rivers to overflow, widespread floods and landslides, destruction of agricultural crops, houses, bridges and basic services facilities like electricity, communication and drinking water. Up to date, 11,853 people remain evacuated and the alerts have dropped to yellow but in the meantime the official institutions are receiving more damages reports on rural flooding, overflowing of rivers, streams and creeks, as well as landslides. Relevant national agencies from the government are taking care of raising the awareness of the population, and conducting evacuations in vulnerable areas as well as road rehabilitation. Now, there is a great risk that a large number of people can become affected by diseases due to the large amount of mud and contamination from the poor sanitary conditions left by the hurricane in the overcrowded locations where people remain in shelters. rrfs_07_2016_hurricane-matthew-dominican-republic

The announcement of the Peace Agreements between Colombia’s FARC guerrilla group and the Colombian Government calls for a definite end to all attacks between both parties, as well as to create the conditions to begin implementing the Final Agreement which implies the disarmament of the group and to prepare the country for the FARC’s reintegration into civilian life. The implementation of the peace agreements between the government and the FARC in Colombia begins with the process of disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) of FARC members. This process will be implemented in 28 zones (22 rural zones and 6 temporary camps) where the members of the guerrilla group will gather for their reintegration into civilian life. appeals_09_2016_protecting-civilians-in-colombia_col161

In 2015 and 2016, Malawi experienced the El Niño weather phenomenon, manifested by poor distribution of rainfall and prolonged dry conditions, which resulted in delayed planting and poor crop development. The Malawi Vulnerability Assessment Committee (MVAC) report of June 2016 showed that a minimum of 6.5 million people (39% of Malawi’s population) will not be able to meet their annual food requirements during the 2016/17 consumption period, in 24 of the Malawi’s 28 Districts. This protracted drought was combined with floods in some areas of Malawi, which have also increased the risk of water-borne disease outbreaks. On 12^th of April 2016, His Excellency President of Malawi Professor Arthur Peter Mutharika, declared the ongoing severe drought a national disaster requiring external support. The government has since allocated USD 48,630,137 for maize purchases in the 2016/17 budget. In addition, the World Food Programme (WFP) has launched a Joint Emergency Food Assistance Programme (JEFAP) to assist vulnerable households with relief food items. However, the magnitude of the problem will require other agencies to complement government and WFP efforts. The government has also called upon well-wishers to assist the people in Malawi, especially those in the worst affected areas. The ACT Forum in Malawi is planning to respond to the crisis through ACT members the Churches Action in Relief and Development (CARD) and the Evangelical Lutheran Development Service (ELDS), in two districts: Chikwawa and Nsanje. At the moment no response by government or any other actor has started in the proposed Districts although according to the MVAC, recommendations for response was supposed to start by July 2016 in selected Districts. preliminary-appeals_09_2016_severe-drought-response-in-malawi_mwi161  

There is currently a massive influx of refugees from South Sudan into Uganda following the collapse of the Transitional Government of National Unity due the fighting that erupted on 7th July between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), government forces of President Salve Kiir, and Sudan People’s Liberation Army-In Opposition (SPLA-IO), loyal to the former first vice president Dr. Riek Machar. The July 7th 2016 crisis has continued to manifest the power struggle between Machar and Kiir on ethnic lines and has unsettled the already volatile young nation of South Sudan, as it led to the collapse of the April 2016 agreement (which successfully enabled the return of Riek Machar to Juba and the subsequent formation of the Transitional Government of National Unity). The recent clashes also led to the loss of about 300 lives and displacement of over 36,000 people internally, with about 110,000 people forced to flee to neighbouring countries. ACT Uganda Forum has been responding through its members Lutheran World Federation (LWF) and Finn Church Aid (FCA). Both organisations have been focussing on Adjumani, where all the refugee hosting settlements are full to capacity, so there is an eminent need to identify new sites or consider the expansion of existing ones. LWF has constructed an emergency shelter and distributed blankets among other relief items, but with new arrivals, the emergency response team is over-stretched. FCA is providing inclusive Education in Emergencies for South Sudanese refugees with focus on children with disabilities. appeals_09_2016_-influx-of-south-sudanese-refugees-in-uganda_-uga-161  

On 10^th September 2016 at 15:27 local time an earthquake with the magnitude of 5.9 on the Richter scale and at a depth of 40km hit north-west Tanzania. The epicentre was located in close proximity to the border town of Nsunga on the Lake Victoria and nearby Bukoba municipality, a major town and the regional centre for the Kagera region. On 11^th September at 22:15 a stronger aftershock was felt in Bukoba. The most recent figure shows that 17 persons are reported dead and 170 hospitalized. While assessments are still on-going, preliminary evaluations record that 840 buildings have been destroyed including three schools and dormitories. Over 1,264 houses are reported to be unsafe and hundreds of people are currently displaced. Marine police stations that were to be used as a shelter had been destroyed by the aftershock on 11^th September. The Acting Regional Commissioner of Kagera region estimates the need for temporary shelters for over 3,000 people as well as for medical supplies, non-food items, food assistance and psychosocial support. rrfs_06_2016_earthquake-in-tanzania

The ETH161 Appeal has been both extended (for 5 additional months) and revised, for the following reasons: late receipt of funds, underfunding of some components and challenges and delays in implementation, including massive coordination effort and heavy bureaucratic process to get permission to respond to particular geographic area, which didn’t stop requesting members to prioritize the limited resource received and take action to respond. The major humanitarian needs include: to protect the lives of millions of people who are at risk due to lack of food, water and disease outbreaks. To support their livelihoods as they lost significant part of their livestock and the remaining animals are in very poor condition.  Also, as the affected people consumed their seeds, these need to be replenished to ensure adequate planting for the next agriculture season.  Also agricultural inputs are needed to ensure good harvesting for the coming year. Flooding and other drought or conflict-related displacement will lead to more humanitarian needs such as shelter and non-food items. The ACT Forum in Ethiopia is supporting ongoing response efforts by population affected by drought through food assistance, early recovery and restoration of livelihoods, health and nutrition support, agricultural and livestock production and WASH. Around 25% of the total targeted population said to be in need of physical and psychosocial support (see 2016 HRD) which LWF Ethiopia intend to address through mainstreaming of CBPS aspects.   Appeals_5th September_2016_Drought Response in Ethiopia_ETH161_Rev.1